Pharmacology-2 available questions for Khulna University: [KU:2019-20, KU:2017-18, KU:2016-17]
[If you have any semester final exam questions for this course, please send them to this WhatsApp number: 01325972889. I will upload them to the database.]
[KU Session: 2019-20] Pharmacology 2
What do you mean by cardiac glycosides? Write down the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides.
What do you mean by digitalization? Write down the therapeutic and toxic effects of cardiac glycosides
What do you mean by angina pectoris? Shortly describe about different types of angina pectoris.
Classify antianginal drugs with examples. Describe the mechanism of action of organic nitrates as an antianginal drug.
Define hypertension. Write down the etiology of hypertension.
Shortly describe the mechanism of action of Reserpine and ACE inhibitors.
Classify diuretics with suitable examples.
Describe the mechanism of action of K sparing diuretics. Give example.
What is cardiac arrhythmia? Classify antiarrhythmic drugs.
Write a short note on Combination therapy in hypertensive treatment"
Classify COX inhibitors according to their functions.
The isoenzymes of the cyclooxygenase pathway vary greatly explain the statement.
Enumerate the major pharmacological effects of the non-selective COX inhibitors.
Why patients with H. pylori infection are at a greater risk of developing mucosal injury while taking the NSAIDs?
Differentiate between the two pathways for the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids.
What is tocolytic agent? Why and how NSAIDs are harmful for pregnant mother?
Give an account on the hematological effects of aspirin.
Illustrate the biosynthetic pathway of different prostaglandins from arachidonic acid and outline their functions.
What is salicylism? What are the characteristics and treatment strategies of salicylism?
Differentiate between acute and chronic gout. How can you treat them?
Illustrate the synthetic pathway of uric acid in human health and indicate the sites of action of different anti-gout drugs.
What are opioid analgesics? Explain the SAR of morphine. [KU:2019-20]
What are the roles of endogenous opioids in our body? Why COX-2 blockers are not so much prescribed?
[KU Session:2017-18] Pharmacology-2
What are the treatment guidelines of myocardial infarction?
How do nitrates produce their antianginal effects?
Classify antihypertensive drugs on the basis of their mode of action with suitable examples.
Why calcium ions in cardiac muscles are frequently targeted to control hypertension?
How do calcium channel blockers reduce high blood pressure?
Write down indications, dosage schedule, contraindications and two market preparations (with manufacturer's name) of amlodipine.
Write down the chemical and therapeutic classification of cardiac glycosides. What are the factors that precipitate cardiac arrhythmia?
How does digitalis exert their cardioactive activity against CHF? Digitalis dosino requires special consideration - why?
Briefly describe the therapeutic uses and drug interactions of digitoxin.
Briefly describe various types of angina pectoris.
How do nitrates reestablish oxygen demand and supply ratio?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) regulates blood pressure - how? Write down the indications, contraindications and two market preparations of atenolol.
Define gout. What are the means of treating this disorder? How deposited crystals could be removed from the joints?
Although paracetamol is a member of NSAIDS but it is not used in treating inflammation. Discuss the underlying mechanism.
What is salicylism? How could it be overcome?
In which case selective COX-2 inhibitors are contraindicated - explain.
Describe structure activity relationship of morphine with examples.
Analyze the mechanism of action of aspirin.
What are opioids drugs? Draw a comparison among morphine, pethidine and naloxone.
Briefly discuss the major pharmacological effects of morphine.
Write short note on dextromethorphan and loperamide.
Elucidate the possible consequence of paracetamol overdose. How could it be mitigated?
Which type of mediators are released during inflammatory response and how?
Discuss the mechanism of action of colchicine in preventing gout.
[KU Session:2016-17] Pharmacology-2
Define and classify hypertension. Describe the etiology of hypertension?
How is the normal blood pressure regulated?
What is diuretics? How does the thiazide diuretic help to decrease blood pressure.
How does the angiotensin-Il increase total peripheral resistance?
Define and classify calcium channel blocker (CCB). Describe therapeutic uses of CCB.
A newly diagnosed 50-year-old male hypertensive patient also has diabetes and chronic hepatitis C infection with moderate liver impairment. He requires two drugs for initial treatment of his hypertension. Which drug would you suggest in combination with a thiazide diuretic and why?
How does heart failure (HF) occur? Describe the compensatory physiological responses in HF.
Write down the mechanism of action of digoxin in HF.
Why are phosphodiesterase inhibitors used in combination with ẞ-adrenergic agonist in HF?
What do you mean by arrhythmia? What are the causes of arrhythmia?
Classify antiarrhythmic drugs with examples.
Illustrate the mechanism of actions of quinidine in arrhythmia.
Show the pathway of producing inflammation in our body. What are the sites of action where anti-inflammatory drugs can act?
Write down the roles played by different mediators produced in cyclooxygenase pathway.
How is homeostasis maintained in our body?
What type of action are exerted by NSAIDs and how?
For which type of patients, selective COX-2 inhibitors are contraindicated? Mention the underlying reason.
Write down the pharmacological effects of aspirin on GIT, CVS and RS.
How is aspirin metabolized in our body?
What is salicylism?
Write a short note on opioid analgesics. Classify them on the basis of chemical structure.
Differentiate among tolerance, dependence and addiction.
State the effect of morphine on GIT.
0 Comments