Pharmacognosy-1 available questions for Rajshahi University: [RU-2022, RU-2020, RU-2019, RU-2018]
[RU-2022] Pharmacognosy-1
Give the pharmacological classification of crude drugs.
Define the following terms with an example of each: i) official ii) unofficial iii) non-official and iv) INN drugs
What is meant by origins of drugs? Differentiate between indigenous and naturalized plants with examples.
Illustrate the basic principal involve in soxhlet extraction.
What are carbohydrates? Give its classification with one example of each.
Name three cellulose derivatives. Mention the preparation and uses of carboxy methyl cellulose.
Give the general tests for the identification of reducing sugars. How can you obtain ferrous gluconate from glucose?
Discuss the commercial preparation of dextrose and its pharmaceutical uses.
Write the commercial preparation sucrose from sugarcane.
Write the structure of i) alginic acid ii) agarose iii) glucoronic acid and iv) glucose.
What are the chemical constituents of castor oil and olive oils?
Mention the chemical constituents and health benefit of coconut oil.
Define acid value. Give the method of preparation of castor oil.
Discuss the method of production, chemical constituents and uses of beeswax. What is the limitation of using white beeswax?
What is chaulmoogra oil? Mention the source, chemical constituents and uses of chaulmoogra oil.
Write the preparation of cod liver oil from cod fish. Give the chemical test for the identification of vitamin A in a sample of cod liver oil.
Mention the structure and uses of following compounds: i) akopine ii) coniine and iii) arecoline.
Write down the ring structure and example of the following groups of alkaloid: i) quinoline ii) tropane iii) quinolizidine iv) pyridine.
Describe the botanical source, chemical constituents and uses of ephedra.
Write down the properties of tannins.
Define tannins, condensed tannins and pseudotannins.
Resins are complex mixtures of various compounds'- explain.
Give the botanical source and uses of i) ginger and ii) capsicum.
How would you extract alkaloids from plant?
Define the following terms with an example: i) alkaloid ii) pseudoalkaloid iii) protoalkaloid and iv) Murexide test
[RU-2020] Pharmacognosy-I
Define the following terms-
(i) pharmacognosy, (ii) phytochemistry, (iii) organized drugs and (iv) unorganized drugs.
How are crude drugs adulterated by faulty collection and incorrect preparation?
What are the basic differences between thin layer and column chromatography?
Differentiate between true alkaloids and pseudo alkaloids. Mention one example of each.
Write down the characteristics of alkaloids.
Write down a general method of extraction of alkaloids.
Write down the ring structure of the following groups and give one example of alkaloids of each group- (i) quinolone, (ii) tropane, (iii) indole and (iv) pyridine.
Give the botanical source, chemical constituents and uses of ephedra.
Enlist two plant drugs containing tannins and give their botanical source and therapeutic uses.
Differentiate between tannins and pseudo tannins. What are condensed tannins?
Give the botanical source, chemical constituents and therapeutic uses of black catechu.
Classify resins on the basis of their occurrence in combination with other compounds.
Give botanical source, chemical constituents and uses of podophyllum.
Write the source and chemical constituents of (a) ginger and (b) jalap.
Write down the functions and importance of lipid. Draw the chemical structure of cholesterol.
What are the benefits of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids? Give the classification of lipid.
What are lipoproteins? Classify lipoproteins. What are the advantage and disadvantages of lipid?
Write down the effects of various types of fat on blood lipid levels.
Write down the chemical constituents and uses of olive oil.
Why the pure compound sometimes cannot be isolated? What are the professional activities of a pharmacognosist?
Differentiate between starch and cellulose. Why do human cannot digest cellulose?
Give the structure of (i) blood sugar, (ii) fruit sugar, (iii) table sugar and (iv) milk suger
How would you prepare dextrin from starch? Give the natural source and uses of dextrin.
Describe the biological source, chemical constituents and uses of acacia.
Why maltose is a reducing sugar but not sucrose?
Write down some important chemical tests for carbohydrates.
[RU-2019] Pharmacognosy-I
Write down the scopes of pharmacognosy. What are the differences between drugs and medicines?
Write down the reasons behind the unintentional adulteration of crude drugs.
Shortly describe about the chemical and physical evaluation of crude drugs.
What do you mean by extraction? What the factors affecting the choice of a solvent?
Why soxhlet is called hot continuos extraction process? Describe the sonicatio extraction method.
Why and when do you need drying and freeze drying for plant materials?
Discuss the basic principle and uses of thin layer chromatography.
Describe the botanical source, chemical constituents and uses of chaulmoogra oil.
Write down the chemical constituents and uses of dextrin and cellulose.
Differentiate between furanose and pyranose. Give the structure of table sugar and milk sugar.
How would you prepare dextrose from starch? Give the natural source and uses of starch.
Describe the biological source, chemical constituents and uses of tragacanth.
Why is maltose a reducing sugar but not sucrose?
Differentiate between true alkaloids and pseudoalkaloids. Write down the murexide test for detection of caffeine in plants.
Describe the biosynthesis of atropine.
Write down the ring structures of the following groups and give one example of alkaloids of each group- (i) pyridine-piperidine (ii) tropane (iii) indole (iv) imidazole.
Give the botanical source, chemical constituents and uses of colchicum.
Write down the botanical name, chemical constituents and uses of conium.
In which purpose rauwolfia alkaloids can be used? Write down their structures.
What are the botanical sources and uses of catechu and nutgall?
Describe Goldbeater's skin test, Phenazone test, Matchstick test and Vanillin-hydrochloric acid test for the detection of tannins in plants.
Explain- (1) Resin acids (ii) Resin alcohols and (iii) Resenes.
Give the botanical source, chemical constituents and uses of tolu balsam.
Write down the botanical source, chemical constituents and uses of myrrh.
Give the chemical structure of (i) cannabidiol (ii) cannabinol. Write down the therapeutic uses of cannabis.
[RU-2018] Pharmacognosy-1
Define Pharmacognosy. Differentiate between organized and unorganized drugs.
Explain the method of preparation of crude drugs for the commercial market.
Give the chemical classification of crude drugs.
Define deliberate adulteration. How is deliberate adulteration done? Explain with examples.
How can you classify fatty acids? Discuss the common properties of fats and oils.
Explain different commercial grades of olive oil. Write down the uses of olive oil.
Give the method of collection and chemical constituents of castor oil.
Define-i) Drying oil ii) Non-drying oil, iii) Semidrying oil and iv) Virgin oil
Classify carbohydrates on the basis of carbonyl group. Mention the botanical source and uses of sucrose.
Give the example with structure of table sugar, milk sugar, maly sugar, and grape sugar.
How can you obtain ferrous gluconate from glucose? What are the constituents and uses of liquid glucose?
Mention the properties of starch and fructose. How can you distinguish pentoses from hexoses?
What is sodium alginate? Discuss the method of preparation of sodium alginate from sea weeds.
What is arabin? Give the sources, chemical constituents and uses of acacia.
Define the terms with examples: i) true alkaloids ii) protoalkaloids and iii) pseudoalkaloids. Alkalaida Alkoloid
Write down the structure of the following compounds:
i) atropine ii) ephedrine iii) arecoline and iv) guvacine.
Give the chemical constituents and uses of: i) conium, ii) colchicum. Alkoloid
How would you detect alkaloids in plants?
Discuss the properties of tannins.
Give the source, composition and uses of nutgall.
Define tannins and condensed tannins. How do pseudotannins differ from tannins?
Define the terms with examples i) Balsams ii) Oleoresins iii) Gum resins and iv) Glycoresins.
Write the source and chemical constituents of i) Ginger and ii) Jalap.
Describe the source, chemical constituents and uses of Peru Balsam.
Give the botanical source, chemical constituents and uses of capsicum.
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